Before
No books. < 5% literacy.
610CE
First revelation, Cave of Hira
A single word: Iqra — read.
622Hijra
Seventh Century Arabia
From a world without books.
Revealed before libraries, before print, before most people could read, over twenty-three years, into specific moments, to address specific circumstances. What emerged has not changed since.
Begin Discovery 632Medina
Revelation complete
Twenty-three years. 6,236 verses. Memorised in full by hundreds of companions.
653CE
The Uthmanic codex
A standard copy is sent to each major province. Variant manuscripts are retired.
— thirteen centuries —
1924Cairo
The King Fuad edition
Scholars reconcile every known manuscript. The match with the 7th-century oral tradition is total.
2015Birmingham
A folio, carbon-dated
Parchment tested to within the Prophet's own lifetime. Text matches the modern Mushaf to over 99%.
You are here.
Fourteen centuries of inspection by critics, scholars, and believers alike. No verified contradiction. No revision.
"At some point, coincidences stop being coincidences."Examine the claims